4^th International Conference on Quantum Physics and Quantum Technology November 05-06, 2018 Park Inn by Radisson Hotel & Conference Centre, London, UK

Quantum field theory  is the classic example of a successful quantum field theory. Quantum mechanics cannot give an account of photons which constitute the prime case of relative 'particles'. At the speed c, a non-relativistic theory such as ordinary QM cannot give even an estimated description as photons have rest mass zero and similarly move in the vacuum. Photons play a vital role in the radiation and absorption processes which has to be executed; for instance, when one of an atom's electrons makes a transition between energy levels. The formalism of QFT is required for an explicit explanation of photons. When the theoretical framework of quantum mechanics was established, a small group of scientists tried to extend quantum methods to electromagnetic fields and contributed in modern developments of quantum field theory such as Algebraic quantum field theory, Axiomatic quantum field theory and Topological quantum field theory.

Quantum mechanics as well as quantum field theory, is a division of physics which is an essential concept of nature at the minimum scales of energy levels of subatomic particles and atoms. Classical physics originates from quantum mechanics as a calculation, valid only at macroscopic scales. Quantum mechanics varies from classical physics in that momentum, energy and other quantities are often limited to discrete values i.e. quantization, objects have characteristics of both waves and particles and there are limits to the precision with which quantities can be known. Forecasts of quantum mechanics have been tested experimentally to an extremely high degree of accuracy. As per the correspondence theory between quantum mechanics and classical mechanics, all objects follow the laws of quantum mechanics. Classical mechanics is just an approximation for large systems of objects. The laws of classical mechanics thus follow from the laws of quantum mechanics as a statistical average at the limit of large systems or large quantum numbers.

String Theory is a hypothetical structure in which the point-like particles of molecules are supplanted by one-dimensional particles called strings. It describes how these particles propagate through space and interact with each other. On distance scales larger than the string scale, a string looks just like an ordinary particle, with its mass, charge, and other properties determined by the vibrational state of the string. Thus, string theory is a theory of quantum gravity. Quantum gravity focuses on the hypothetical science that depicts the gravity as per the standards of quantum mechanics and where quantum impacts can't be overlooked. In string theory, one of the numerous vibrational conditions of the string related to the gravitation, the quantum molecule that conveys gravitational power.

The laws of sub atomic physics suggests that individual quarks that are never seen in the wild; they always travel around in two’s or three’s. At high temperatures, however—such as high-energy particle collider—protons and neutrons are thought to split into a soup, or plasma, of individual quarks and gluons, before cooling and recombining into ordinary matter. That is what QCD predicts, at any rate. Since 1994, an international team of researchers at CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics in Geneva, has been smashing lead nuclei together and then combing through the hail of subatomic particles that result from these collisions to look for evidence of quark-gluon plasma. On February 10, 2000 the CERN researchers announced the analysis of the results of seven separate types of collision collectively provides evidence of the creation for the first time. For a fraction of a second they had, in other words, recreated the conditions that prevailed just after the Big Bang. Admittedly, this declaration of victory came with several provisos. Ulrich Heinz, a theoretical physicist at CERN, says that more experiments at higher energies will be needed to verify the results. But, having cranked up their accelerators to achieve the most energetic collisions possible, the CERN team can go no further. So, the announcement also signaled a passing of the torch to the new Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at the Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, New York, which starts an experimental programme at higher energies later this year.

Condensed matter physics explains to control the properties of matter in its solid and fluid forms from essential physical principles of quantum and statistical mechanics. Condensed matter physics is one of the most dynamic research areas in both basic sciences and technological applications. Condensed matter physics is logically stimulating because of the proceeding with revelations of numerous new phenomena and the advancement of new ideas and devices. The advancement in theory can be directly confronted with the experiments. It has been repeatedly served as a source or testing ground for new ideas. Apart from its scientific value, condensed matter physics is widely connected with industry and is one of the bases of most modern innovations, information, and manufacturing.

Employing single molecules as active functional units in electronic devices is a promising new technological concept of fast growing interest. For the development of such components it is crucial to better understand electron transport through single molecules. Transport measurements through single molecules which are immobilized by self-assembling techniques between two metallic electrodes have already proven the ability of organic molecules to act as functional parts in Nano-scale devices. Three relevant methods to fabricate suitable electrodes have been established in recent years. Quantum Transport has moved outside its traditional arena and it is now investigated with great success in other experimental platforms as photonic and cold atomic systems. All these different physical systems have many properties in common but at the same time differences.

Quantum optics originated from an attempt towards a semi classical quantization of the electromagnetic field (light). It has helped us understand several quantum phenomena, from the correct modelling of the blackbody radiation to the experimental realization of  Bose–Einstein condensation. The research focuses on the process of quantum mechanical interaction between atoms and light. It was nothing less than a world sensation when in October 2006. The research group managed to prove that teleportation works. It is possible to transport ‘something’ from one place to another by means of a light beam. The experiment is the first example of teleportation where light is used to transport information, and where an atomic cloud that contains billions of caesium atoms is used to store information.

Quantum computing  focuses on evolving computer technology built on the platform of quantum theory which gives the brief idea about the nature and behaviour of energy and matter at quantum level. The fame of quantum mechanics in cryptography is increasing as they are highly used in the encryption of information. Quantum cryptography allows the transmission of most critical data with the uppermost level of security, which in turn, propels the growth of the quantum computing market. Quantum computing has got a huge array of applications, most of which we cannot even comprehend today. Quantum computing is known to have applications in the development of new materials and drugs, and many more. The development of quantum computing will also have far-reaching consequences in machine learning as well as in the development of artificial intelligence. Quantum computing even has some applications in cyber security, making the internet much more secure and in the defence sector as well.

Quantum advances are those that harness Quantum physics to pick up usefulness or execution which is generally unattainable – the capacity of quantum advances are derived from science that can't be clarified by established material science, for example, Newton's Laws of motion, thermodynamics, or Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. Quantum thermodynamics supplies a steady portrayal of quantum coolers and heat engines up to the level of a solitary couple of level frameworks coupled to the environment. Once the environment is split into three; hot, cold and work reservoirs a heat engine can operate. The device translates the positive gain into power. Reversing the process changes the device into a quantum refrigerator. The quantum tricycle, a device connected by three external leads to three heat reservoirs is used as a template for engines and refrigerators. The equation of motion for the heat currents and power can be derived from first principle. Only a global description of the coupling of the device to the reservoirs is consistent with the first and second laws of thermodynamics.